Falcot 公司的管理極重視安全。因此,他們祗安裝 Debian 保證無竄改的套件。電腦怪客可能在合法的套件巾加入若干惡意程式碼。若安裝了這種套件,就會執行怪客要它做的事,包括洩露密碼或隱私資訊。為避過這個風險,Debian 有個機制在安裝時避過此纂改的風險,祗安裝來自官方維護者的套件且未經第三方修改。
以一連串的密碼學雜湊與簽章構成密封的作品。簽章檔案是由 Debian 鏡射站提供的 釋出
檔案。包括 套件
檔案清單 (包括壓縮格式的 套件名稱.gz
與 套件名稱.xz
,以及增量版),與它們的 MD5、SHA1 與 SHA256 雜湊,確保檔案不曾被篡改。這些 套件
檔案包括鏡射站提供的 Debian 套件清單,以及其雜湊,足以保證套件內容不曾被篡改。
APT needs a set of trusted GnuPG public keys to verify signatures in the Release.gpg
files available on the mirrors. It gets them from files in /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
and from the /etc/apt/trusted.gpg
keyring (managed by the apt-key
command). The official Debian keys are provided and kept up-to-date by the debian-archive-keyring package which puts them in /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
. Note however that the first installation of this particular package requires caution: even if the package is signed like any other, the signature cannot be verified externally. Cautious administrators should therefore check the fingerprints of imported keys before trusting them to install new packages:
# apt-key fingerprint
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-jessie-automatic.gpg
----------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2014-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2022-11-19]
126C 0D24 BD8A 2942 CC7D F8AC 7638 D044 2B90 D010
uid [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (8/jessie) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-jessie-security-automatic.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2014-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2022-11-19]
D211 6914 1CEC D440 F2EB 8DDA 9D6D 8F6B C857 C906
uid [ unknown] Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (8/jessie) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-jessie-stable.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2013-08-17 [SC] [expires: 2021-08-15]
75DD C3C4 A499 F1A1 8CB5 F3C8 CBF8 D6FD 518E 17E1
uid [ unknown] Jessie Stable Release Key <debian-release@lists.debian.org>
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-stretch-automatic.gpg
-----------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2017-05-22 [SC] [expires: 2025-05-20]
E1CF 20DD FFE4 B89E 8026 58F1 E0B1 1894 F66A EC98
uid [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (9/stretch) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
sub rsa4096 2017-05-22 [S] [expires: 2025-05-20]
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-stretch-security-automatic.gpg
--------------------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2017-05-22 [SC] [expires: 2025-05-20]
6ED6 F5CB 5FA6 FB2F 460A E88E EDA0 D238 8AE2 2BA9
uid [ unknown] Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (9/stretch) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
sub rsa4096 2017-05-22 [S] [expires: 2025-05-20]
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-stretch-stable.gpg
--------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2017-05-20 [SC] [expires: 2025-05-18]
067E 3C45 6BAE 240A CEE8 8F6F EF0F 382A 1A7B 6500
uid [ unknown] Debian Stable Release Key (9/stretch) <debian-release@lists.debian.org>
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-wheezy-automatic.gpg
----------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2012-04-27 [SC] [expires: 2020-04-25]
A1BD 8E9D 78F7 FE5C 3E65 D8AF 8B48 AD62 4692 5553
uid [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (7.0/wheezy) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-wheezy-stable.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2012-05-08 [SC] [expires: 2019-05-07]
ED6D 6527 1AAC F0FF 15D1 2303 6FB2 A1C2 65FF B764
uid [ unknown] Wheezy Stable Release Key <debian-release@lists.debian.org>
適當的鑰納入鑰匙圈後,APT 將檢查簽章後才會執行任何危險的操作,若要求安裝的套件其認證不明確時,前端將出現警示訊息。