13.1. Configuración del servidor X11
La configuración inicial de la interfaz gráfica a veces puede ser extraña; tarjetas de video muy recientes muchas veces no funcionan perfectamente con la versión de X.org que se encuentra en la versión estable de Debian.
A brief reminder: X.org is the software component that allows graphical applications to display windows on screen. It includes a driver that makes efficient use of the video card. The features offered to the graphical applications are exported through a standard interface, X11 (Stretch contains version X11R7.7).
Current versions of X.org are able to autodetect the available hardware: this applies to the video card and the monitor, as well as keyboards and mice; in fact, it is so convenient that the package no longer even creates a /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file.
Actualmente, la configuración del teclado está definida en
/etc/default/keyboard. Se utiliza este archivo tanto para configurar la consola de texto como la interfaz gráfica y es gestionado por el paquete
keyboard-configuration. Puede encontrar detalles sobre la configuración del teclado en la
Sección 8.1.2, “Configuración del teclado”.
El paquete xserver-xorg-core provee un servidor X genérico, como el utilizado en las versiones 7.x de X.org. Este servidor es modular y utiliza un conjunto de controladores independientes para gestionar la gran variedad de tipos de tarjetas de video. Instalar xserver-xorg le asegurará que se instale tanto el servidor como al menos un controlador de video.
Note that if the detected video card is not handled by any of the available drivers, X.org tries using the VESA and fbdev drivers. VESA is a generic driver that should work everywhere, but with limited capabilities (fewer available resolutions, no hardware acceleration for games and visual effects for the desktop, and so on) while fbdev works on top of the kernel's framebuffer device. Nowadays the X server runs without any administrative privileges (this used to be required to be able to configure the screen) and thus its log file is now stored in the user's home directory in ~/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log (whereas it used to be in /var/log/Xorg.0.log for versions older than Stretch). That log file is where one would look to know what driver is currently in use. For example, the following snippet matches what the intel driver outputs when it is loaded:
(==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
(==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
(==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 2
(==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3
(==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
(II) LoadModule: "intel"
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
