初次配置图形界面可能不太顺利，新上市的显卡通常不能被 Debian 稳定版中附带的 X.org 完美支持。
A brief reminder: X.org is the software component that allows graphical applications to display windows on screen. It includes a driver that makes efficient use of the video card. The features offered to the graphical applications are exported through a standard interface, X11 (Stretch contains version X11R7.7).
Current versions of X.org are able to autodetect the available hardware: this applies to the video card and the monitor, as well as keyboards and mice; in fact, it is so convenient that the package no longer even creates a /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file.
键盘的配置保存在
/etc/default/keyboard。该文件用于配置文本控制台也用于图形界面，由
keyboard-configuration 处理。配置键盘布局的细节在
第 8.1.2 节 “键盘配置”中。
xserver-xorg-core 软件包提供X.org 7.x系列的通用X 服务。该服务是模块化的并使用一套相互独立的驱动来处理很多不同类型的显卡。安装 xserver-xorg 确保服务和至少一种显卡驱动被安装。
Note that if the detected video card is not handled by any of the available drivers, X.org tries using the VESA and fbdev drivers. VESA is a generic driver that should work everywhere, but with limited capabilities (fewer available resolutions, no hardware acceleration for games and visual effects for the desktop, and so on) while fbdev works on top of the kernel's framebuffer device. Nowadays the X server runs without any administrative privileges (this used to be required to be able to configure the screen) and thus its log file is now stored in the user's home directory in ~/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log (whereas it used to be in /var/log/Xorg.0.log for versions older than Stretch). That log file is where one would look to know what driver is currently in use. For example, the following snippet matches what the intel driver outputs when it is loaded:
(==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
(==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
(==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 2
(==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3
(==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
(II) LoadModule: "intel"
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
